Begecka Jama Sustainable Solutions for ecosystem monitoring and Restoration

Organization: UNSFA - University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture (Serbia)

The demo site on the left bank of the Danube includes the Begečka Jama Nature Park and the Begeč-Gložan drainage system. Pollutants from agriculture, sewage, and other human activities threaten the ecosystem. A constructed wetland system (CWS) is used for secondary wastewater treatment, acting as a biofilter to remove pollutants and pathogens. This, along with close monitoring, aims to improve the area's environmental health.

General Info

The pilot site in Begečka Jama, Serbia, on the left bank of the Danube, includes the protected Begečka Jama Nature Park and the surrounding Begeč-Gložan drainage system. Pollutants from agriculture, sewage, and other sources of the Tatarnica watercourse threaten the park's ecosystem, a crucial habitat for fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Monitoring chemical pollution is essential due to nearby intensive agriculture. Additionally, the ban on hunting necessitates monitoring wildlife population growth to prevent human-wildlife conflicts.

What measures have been taken?

Protection and Improvement of Begečka Jama Nature Park

Wastewater Pollution Mitigation:

Constructed Wetland System (CWS): Treats municipal wastewater from Gložan using natural vegetation, soil, and organisms.
Biofilter Mechanism: Removes pollutants and pathogens, providing secondary treatment.

Treatment Process:

Collection and Treatment: Wastewater is collected, treated in the CWS, and discharged into a canal connected to the Danube.
Natural Wetland Simulation: Reduces nutrient load and creates favorable wildlife habitats.

Environmental Impact

Cost-Effective and Efficient:

• Remove diverse pollutants.
• Improve water quality.
• Promote wastewater recycling.
• Enhance human health.

Wildlife and Habitat Benefits:

• Support wildlife and wetland microorganisms.

Scientific Validation:

• Proven efficiency in:
  • Reducing organic matter.
  • Removing suspended solids.
  • Eliminating nitrogen compounds.

Sanitary and Environmental Impact:

• Confirmed sanitary safety of effluent.
• Bioaccumulation of nutrients in plant matter.

Recommendations

Constructed wetland systems are ideal for small settlements to produce clean water and usable biomass without harming the environment, population, climate, or ecosystem. Designed 20 years ago, future plans include widening the Begej Canal, reconstructing the weir, and installing a pumping station to enhance hydrological conditions, water quality, and spawning areas. These improvements aim to boost biodiversity and increase the attractiveness of the Begečka Jama Nature Park for locals and visitors.